Akronyme

ADL/SCORM	Advanced Distributed Learning/ Sharable Content Objekt Reference Model (http://www.adlnet.org/) Organisation des amerikanischen Verteidigungsministeriums, die Standardisierungsmodelle für E_Learning entwickelt. Shareable Courseware Reference Model (SCORM) ist ein Produkt davon.
AICC	Aviation Industry Computer based Training Commitee (http://www.aicc.org/) Internationaler Zusammenschluß verschiedener CBT-Hersteller und -Spezialisten (von der amerikanischen Luftfahrtindustrie gegründet), die an der Standardisierung von Lernobjekten arbeiten
ANSI	American National Standards Institute (http://www.ansi.org/)
ARIADNE	Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe (http://www.ariadne-eu.org/)
ASTD	ASTD Certification Institute ECC E-Learning Courseware Certification (http://www.astd.org/ecertification)
CALS	Computer Aided Acquisiton and Logistic Support
CEN	Comité Européen de Normalisation, Europäisches Komitee für Normung, European Commmittee for Standardization
CEN/ISSS WS-LT	Comité Européen de Normalisation/Information Society Standardization System Workshop on Learning Technologies, http://www.cenorm.be/isss/
DOM	The "Document Object Model" describes how some XML parsers return the information contained in an XML document. The elements of the XML document are described as nodes of a tree that can be traversed by a programmer.
CETIS	centre for educational technology interoperability standards http://www.cetis.ac.uk/content/20021008012855
DSSSL	Document Style Semantics and Specification Language
DTD	The "Document Type Definition" is a part of the original XML 1.0 specification that allows a developer, or standards body, to specify what elements and attributes may be used in a particular type of XML document and what their structure and nesting may be. This is also called the content model or schema of an XML document. If an XML document conforms with the content model defined by a DTD, it is said to be valid with respect to that DTD.
EML	Educational Markup Language, http://eml.ou.nl/
Entity	Die Teile eines XML Dokumentes werden als Entitäten bezeichnet. Eine Entität ist im allgemeinen ein Teil eines Dokumentes, der Text oder binäre Daten (nicht jedoch beides) enthalten kann. Sie kann auf andere Entitäten verweisen und somit bewirken, dass diese im Dokument enthalten sind. Entitäten können geparst (Zeichendaten) oder ungeparst (Zeichendaten, die Nicht-XML-Text oder binäre Daten enthalten können, die der XML Prozessor nicht parst) sein. Mit anderen Worten, der Begriff Entität ist schlicht eine allgemeine Möglichkeit in XML, auf eine Datenspeichereinheit zu verweisen. Zum Beispiel ist eine Datei mit einigen darin enthaltenenen XML Elementen eine Entität, ein Dokument jedoch nur, wenn es auch wohlgeformt ist.
Entityreferenz	< ergibt <
IEC	International Engineering Consortium, Standardisierungskommitee für Elektroniksysteme, ISO/IEC, meist gleichzeitig ISO Standard (http://www.iec.org/ )
IEEE	The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, The IEEE (Eye-triple-E) is a non-profit, technical professional association of more than 377,000 individual members in 150 countries. The full name is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., http://www.ieee.org/
IEEE EAB	IEEE Educational Activities Board, http://www.ieee.org/organizations/eab/eab.htm
IEEE LTSC	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Learning Technology Standards Committee (http://ltsc.ieee.org/)
IETF	Internet Engineering Task Force
IMS	Instructional Management System (http://www.imsglobal.org/)
IMS LD	IMS Learning Design
IMS CP	IMS Content Packaging
IMS LIP	IMS Learner Information Package
IMS MD	IMS/LOM Meta-Data Specification
IMS QTI	IMS Question and Test Interoperability Specification
ISO	International Organization for Standardization (http://www.iso.org/)
ISSS	Information Society Standardization System
JTC1	Joint Technical Committee 1 von ISO und IEC (http://www.jtc1.org). Die Aufgabe besteht in der IT Standardisierung
LDWG	Learning Design Working Group
LMS	Learning Management System
LMM	Learning Material Markup Language, http://www.lmml.de/
LOM	Learning Objects Metadata Spezifikation (IEEE 1484.12.1 - 2002)
NCName	Ein "non-colonized name" ist ein XML-Name, der keinen Doppelpunkt enthält. Ein gültiger NCName beginnt mit einem Buchstaben oder einem Unterstrich. Die darauf folgenden Zeichen können eine beliebige Kombination von Buchstaben, Zahlen, Akzenten, diakritischen Zeichen, Punkten, Bindestrichen und Unterstrichen sein.
OOP	Object Oriented Programming
OUNL	Open University of the Netherlands
Parameterentity	parsed entity die ausschließlich innerhalb von DTD´s auftauchen, eine Parameterentity kann auch auf eine andere externe DTD verweisen
PCDATA	Character Data
PROMETEUS	Promotion of Education & Training in European Society, http://www.prometeus.org/
RDF	Resource Description Framework (XML-Anwendung, die auf Metadaten spezialisiert ist), http://www.w3.org/RDF/, siehe auch Dublin Core, http://purl.org/DC/
SAX	The "Simple API for XML" provides another programming model used by some parsers, which is based on events instead of a traversable tree.
SCORM	Sharable Content Objekt Reference Model
SMIL	The "Synchronized Media Integration Language" is a XML document type designed to describe multimedia presentations.
SOAP	simple object access protocol, SOAP ist ein Kommunikationsprotokoll zum Zugang zu einzelnen Projekten im Internet. Es arbeitet mit XML-Syntax, um Textbefehle über das Internet auf Basis von HTTP zu senden. SOAP ist ein schlankes Protokoll, mit dem proprietäre Module verpackt und mit allgemein verständlichen Schnittstellen versehen werden können. SOAP definiert einen Message-Austausch zwischen dem Programmobjekt, das Dienste nachfragt, und dem Programmobjekt, das Dienste anbietet. Das Protokoll ist herstellerneutral und völlig unabhängig von der verwendeten Programmiersprache, dem Objektmodell und der jeweiligen Betriebssystemplattform.
SVG	Scalable Vector Graphics. SVG is an XML application used to describe 2D vector graphics, text and raster images. This enables vector graphics to be defined solely in XML.
UML	Unified Modeling Language
URI	Universal Resource Identifier
UTF	Universal Text Format
W3C	World Wide Web Consortium
WML	The "Wireless Markup Language" is used for WAP phone systems to enable a mobile Internet environment and is entirely based on XML - it is described by one particular DTD, which is part of the WML specification.
WSDL	WSDL: Web Services Description Language, Beschreibt Web Services, XML Dokument, Programmiersprachen-, plattform- und protokollunabhängig, vergleichbar mit API bei Programmiersprachen
XHTML	The "Extensible HyperText Markup Language" is the reformulation of HTML 4.0 based upon XML and will soon supplant HTML as the de-facto standard of the Internet.
XLink	The "XML Linking Language" describes hyperlinking in XML documents and extends the hyperlinking concepts of HTML.
XML	eXtensible Markup Language
XML Schema	The "XML Schema" is an ongoing effort by the W3C to supplant DTDs with a more flexible and powerful system to describe the structure of conforming XML documents, including provisions for defining datatypes.
XPath	The "XML Path Language" is a language for addressing and querying the content of XML documents.
XPointer	The "XML Pointer Language" is a companion standard to Xlink and describes mechanisms for addressing particular parts of a document.
XSL	eXtensible Stylesheet Language
XSLT	The "eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation" is a programming language that allows XML documents to be transformed from one schema to another or into entirely different forms, such as HTML pages, WML cards, or PDF files.
Zeichenreferenz	Codierung von Zeichen, © oder &xA9; ergeben ©

Glossary

Attribute: An attribute is a parameter to an element declared in the DTD. An attribute's type and value range, including a possible default value, are defined in the DTD.
CORBA: Common Object Request Broker Architecture: CORBA is an architecture and specification for creating, distributing, and managing distributed program objects in a network. It allows programs at different locations and developed by different vendors to communicate in a network through an "interface broker." CORBA was developed under the auspices of the Object Management Group (OMG) and has been sanctioned by both ISO and X/Open as the standard architecture for distributed objects (also known as components).
CSS: Cascading Style Sheets, style sheets when attached to documents describe how the document is displayed or printed, e.g. a CSS sheet is attached to an HTML document, to influence its layout when accessed via a browser. CSS supports cascading, i.e. a single document may use two or more style sheets that are than applied according to specified priorities (=cascade).
DBMS: Database Management System.
Document: A document is a stream of data that, after being combined with any other streams it references, is structured such that it holds information contained within elements that are organized as defined in the associated DTD.
DOM: Document Object Model: DOM is a platform- and language-neutral interface, that provides a standard model of how the objects in an XML object are put together, and a standard interface for accessing and manipulating these objects and their inter-relationships.
DTD: A DTD, or document type definition, is a collection of XML declarations that, as a collection, defines the legal structure, elements, and attributes that are available for use in a document that complies to the DTD.
Element: An element is a document structuring unit declared in the DTD. The element's content model is defined in the DTD, and additional semantics may be defined in the prose description of the element.
EML: Educational Markup Language.
Facilities: Functionality includes elements, attributes, and the semantics associated with those elements and attributes. An implementation supporting that functionality is said to provide the necessary facilities.
FTP: File Transmission Protocol.
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language - HTML is the set of "markup" symbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a World Wide Web browser. The markup tells the Web browser how to display a Web page's text and images for the user. HTML is a subset of SGML. See also XML.
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol: HTTP is the set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. Relative to the TCP/IP suite of protocols, the basis for information exchange on the Internet, HTTP is an application protocol.
Implementation: An implementation is a system that provides collection of facilities and services that supports this specification.
JAVA: Java is an object oriented programming language expressly designed for use in the distributed environment of the Internet. Java classes compile into Java-byte code. This code can be executed on any platform that implements the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Executable Java-objects are either applets or applications.
JDBC: Java Database Connectivity, standardized DB interface for Java. This technology allows to write an application once, and use it with any SQL database that has a JDBC-driver.
Learning Object: see LOM.
LOM: Learning Object Metadata.
Markup: Markup refers to the sequence of characters or other symbols that you insert at certain places in a text or word processing file to indicate how the file should look when it is printed or displayed or to describe the document's logical structure. The markup indicators are often called "tags."
Namespaces: W3C activity concerning XML to enable documents to use names specified in foreign DTDs. A namespace declaration within an XML document points to a namespace 'ns' via a URI. Thus the names contained in this namespace are available in the form 'ns:name' within a specific part of the document's tree.
Parsing: Parsing is the act whereby a document is scanned, and the information contained within the document is filtered into the context of the elements in which the information is structured.
PDF: Portable Document Format. Adobe defined this format for platform independent transmission of digital documents.
Perl: Scripting language.
Rendering: Rendering is the act whereby the information in a document is presented. This presentation is done in the form most appropriate to the environment (e.g. aurally, visually, in print).
SAX: Simple API for XML - SAX is an application program interface that allows a programmer to interpret a web file that uses XML.
Servlet: A Java application that, different from applets, runs on the server and generates HTML-pages that are sent to the client. Servlets can run on browsers that are not Java-enabled.
SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language: SGML is a standard for how to specify a document markup language or tag set. SGML is not in itself a document language, but a description of how to specify one. It is a metalanguage. HTML and XML are examples of SGML-based languages.
SQL: Structured Query Language - SQL is a standard interactive and programming language for getting information from and updating a database. Although SQL is both an ANSI and an ISO standard, many database products support SQL with proprietary extensions to the standard language.
URI: Universal Resource Identifier - Either a URL or a URN. A URI is a way of identifying content in the web, whether it be a page of text, a video or sound clip, an image, or a program.
URL: Universal Resource Locator - Unique address of a document or a resource on the internet in the form protocol://server domain name/pathname. Protocols are e.g. HTTP or FTP.
URN: Uniform Resource Name.
User Agent: A user agent is an implementation that retrieves and processes XHTML documents.
Validation: Validation is a process whereby documents are verified against the associated DTD, ensuring that the structure, use of elements, and use of attributes are consistent with the definitions in the DTD.
VRML: Virtual Reality Modeling Language - the ISO standard to display 3D in the web.
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol, standard for accessing the internet with wireless devices, e.g. mobile phones.
Well-formed: A document is well-formed when it is structured according to the rules defined in Section 2.1 of the XML 1.0 Recommendation. Basically, this definition states that elements, delimited by their start and end tags, are nested properly within one another.
XHTML: Extensible Hypertext Markup Language - A reformulation of HTML 4.0 in XML 1.0. XHTML is a new language for building web pages that has recently been proposed as a W3C Recommendation. This proposed Recommendation caused lots of debate on account of XHTML's usage of XML namespaces.
XLink: XML Linking Language, new name / part of the XLL standard for the description of links in XML.
XLL: Extensible Linking Language, second part of the W3C's XML specification concerning hyperlinks. XLL is thus corresponding to SGML's linking standard HyTime. XLL consists of the linking standard XLink and the addressing standard XPointer. The name XLL is not used anymore and has generally been replaced by XLink.
XML: Extensible Markup Language, Modification of the SGML standard. In contrast to SGML documents XML documents may exist without having their schema described in a DTD. XML documents consist (mainly) of text and tags, and the tags imply a tree structure upon the document. Is the XML document properly structured, i.e. the tags do nest, the document is said to be 'well-formed'. Is there, in addition, a DTD to which the document conforms, it is called 'valid'.
XML Parser: An XML parser is a processor that reads an XML document and determines the structure and properties of the data. It breaks the data up into parts and provides them to other components. If the parser goes beyond the XML rules for well-formedness and validates the document against an XML DTD, the parser is said to be a "validating" parser.
XML Schema: The most recent design for providing XML schemata as released within two W3C working drafts (structures and data types). Schemata serve for describing the structure and constraining the contents of XML documents and associating data types with XML element types and attributes.
XPath: XML Path Language, a language for addressing parts of an XML document, designed to be used by both XSLT and XPointer. The language mainly consists of location paths and expressions. A location path is e.g. child::para[position=(1)] that selects the first para child of the current context node.
XPointer: Part of the extensible linking language standard, specifies how to declare addresses within XLink-expressions. XPointer specifiy the part of a URL behind the '' that references a substructure of an XML document.
XSL: Extensible Stylesheet Language - XSL is a language for creating a style sheet that describes how data sent over the Web using the Extensible Markup Language (XML) is to be presented to the user. XSL specifies the styling of an XML document by using XSLT to describe how the document is transformed into another XML document that uses the formatting vocabulary.
XSLT: XSL Transformations, a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents. XSLT is designed for use as part of XSL, which is a style sheet language for XML. In addition to XSLT, XSL includes an XML vocabulary for specifying formatting. XSLT is a W3C specification but also part 2 of the XSL specification.

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